Scientists from Seattle, Pasadena, and Brisbane have developed and commercialized a nanotech barcode that could revolutionize medical diagnostics by providing a very sensitive method of counting individual messenger RNA molecules to determine what genes are being expressed in particular cells. From Research Australia, via AAAS EurekAlert “Fluorescent nano-barcodes could revolutionize diagnostics“

A new technology with research and clinical application including the early detection of disease has been invented and developed by University of Queensland researchers.

Dr Krassen Dimitrov, from UQ’s Australian Institute for Bioengineering & Nanotechnology, has developed fluorescent “barcodes” called nanostrings, offers greater sensitivity and accuracy than current detection methods.

Dr Dimitrov said nanostrings bind to RNA molecules for digital gene expression analysis.

“Because this system can count the exact number of biomolecules present we can get an extremely accurate and sensitive picture of gene expression at a particular point in time,” Dr Dimitrov said.

“This quantitative data is superior to other gene expression systems such as microarrays, which rely on the analogue measurement of fluorescence and therefore are less accurate and have a limited range.

“The nanostring is an important technological development in both clinical and research settings. We will be able to more accurately detect molecules associated with particular diseases and in the research arena, we will be able to identify new molecules associated with diseases and trace these back to the genes responsible.”

The research was published in Nature Biotechnology (abstract)
—Jim

Nanotech materials useful for a wide variety of applications may result from the discovery that adding very small amounts of graphene to polymers greatly increases the desirable properties of the polymers, and does so more cheaply than similar nanocomposites using functionalized single-wall nanotubes. From Northwestern University, via AAAS EurekAlert “By adding graphene, researchers create superior polymer“:

Researchers at Northwestern University and Princeton University have created a new kind of polymer that, because of its extraordinary thermal and mechanical properties, could be used in everything from airplanes to solar cells.

The polymer, a nanocomposite that incorporates functionalized, exfoliated graphene sheets, even conducts electricity, and researchers hope to use that property to eventually create thermally stable, optically transparent conducting polymers.

…Researchers at the McCormick School of Engineering originally teamed up with researchers at Princeton several years ago. McCormick researchers had experience working with polymer nanocomposites, and Princeton researchers had developed a way to exfoliate, or split apart, graphite sheets into very thin single layer, surface-functionalized graphene sheets.

Previous use of graphite in polymers did not garner significantly improved properties since researchers could never get the graphite exfoliated. That meant the graphite was rigid with a low surface area and could only minimally impact properties of the polymer.

But when researchers put even a small amount the newly exfoliated graphene sheets — enough to equal only .05 percent of the material — into the polymer, they found the graphene changed the polymer’s thermal stability temperature by 30 degrees. Even adding graphene sheets equal to .01 percent of the material increased stiffness by 33 percent — far beyond what researchers had predicted. The drastic changes in both the thermal stability and the stiffness after adding just a tiny percentage of functionalized graphene indicated that the graphene changes large regions of the polymer radiating out from the nanoparticle surfaces in a percolating network structure.

The new polymer nanocomposite based on graphene also exhibited the same or superior thermal and mechanical properties as using functionalized single-wall nanotubes in polymer — but was much easier and cheaper to create.

The research was published in Nature Nanotechnology (abstract)
—Jim